Red or White (wine, that is) may make a difference

Drinking red wine in moderation may reduce one of the risk factors for breast cancer, providing a natural weapon to combat a major cause of death among U.S. women, new research from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center shows. The study, published online in the Journal of Women’s Health, challenges the widely-held belief that all types of alcohol consumption heighten the risk of developing breast cancer. Doctors long have determined that alcohol increases the body’s estrogen levels, fostering the growth of cancer cells.

But the Cedars-Sinai study found that chemicals in the skins and seeds of red grapes slightly lowered estrogen levels while elevating testosterone among premenopausal women who drank eight ounces of red wine nightly for about a month.   White wine lacked the same effect.

Researchers called their findings encouraging, saying women who occasionally drink alcohol might want to reassess their choices.  “If you were to have a glass of wine with dinner, you may want to consider a glass of red,” said Chrisandra Shufelt, MD, assistant director of the Women’s Heart Center at the Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and one of the study’s co-authors. “Switching may shift your risk.”

In the Cedars-Sinai study, 36 women were randomized to drink either Cabernet Sauvignon or Chardonnay daily for almost a month, then switched to the other type of wine. Blood was collected twice each month to measure hormone levels.    Researchers sought to determine whether red wine mimics the effects of aromatase inhibitors, which play a key role in managing estrogen levels. Aromatase inhibitors are currently used to treat breast cancer.   Investigators said the change in hormone patterns suggested that red wine may stem the growth of cancer cells, as has been shown in test tube studies.

Co-author Glenn D. Braunstein, MD, said the results do not mean that white wine increases the risk of breast cancer but that grapes used in those varieties may lack the same protective elements found in reds.“There are chemicals in red grape skin and red grape seeds that are not found in white grapes that may decrease breast cancer risk,” said Braunstein, vice president for Clinical Innovation and the James R. Klinenberg, MD, Chair in Medicine.

The study will be published in the April print edition of the Journal of Women’s Health, but Braunstein noted that large-scale studies still are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of red wine to see if it specifically alters breast cancer risk. He cautioned that recent epidemiological data indicated that even moderate amounts of alcohol intake may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. Until larger studies are done, he said, he would not recommend that a non-drinker begin to drink red wine.

The research team also included C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, director of the Women’s Heart Center, director of the Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiac Center and the Women’s Guild Chair in Women’s Health, as well as researchers from the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Hartford Hospital in Connecticut.

Take home message:  This is a small study and larger studies are needed.   However, if you do enjoy a glass of wine and don’t want to give it up, perhaps choosing red over white would be choice—at least until new data becomes available!

New Collaboration Benefits Women Faculty in STEM

A recent blog talked about the importance of support women in the STEM fields.    A good example is the new partnership between our University and the U of Chicago:

Northwestern University and the University of Chicago have launched the Chicago Collaboration for Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, a three-year effort to enhance the recruitment and advancement of women faculty members in those fields.

“The University of Chicago and Northwestern are vitally concerned about the advancement of women in STEM at our respective institutions, and through this collaboration we have dedicated ourselves to making significant progress,” said University of Chicago Provost Thomas Rosenbaum, the John T. Wilson Distinguished Service Professor in Physics.  Important elements of the collaboration involve studying the apparent relative strengths and weaknesses of the respective institutions when it comes to fostering a positive climate for women in STEM, said Northwestern Provost Daniel Linzer.

The percentage of tenure-track women in STEM fields in 2010, according to University of Chicago officials, were basic biological sciences, 23 percent; physical sciences, 10 percent; and social sciences, 29 percent. The percentage of tenure-track women in STEM fields at Northwestern for the same period were biological sciences, 20 percent; engineering, 11 percent; physical sciences, 14 percent; and social sciences, 36 percent.

The new collaboration for women in STEM includes two yearlong programs: Navigating the Professoriate, for tenure-eligible faculty members; and Beyond Tenure, for tenured associate professors and professors.

The Navigating the Professoriate program is designed for tenure-track assistant professors in the biological, physical, and social sciences, and in engineering.  The program began Oct. 26 with a session on “The Art of Negotiating,” led by Victoria Medvec, executive director of Northwestern’s Center for Executive Women and a Professor of Management and Organizations at the Kellogg School of Management.   Statistically it’s fairly well documented that, on average, women do not negotiate as often or as well as their male counterparts.

The Beyond Tenure program kicked off Oct. 17 with a session titled “What’s Next: Imagining Your Career.” The program was designed to help tenured professors in the biological, physical, and social sciences become architects of their own destiny.  “The idea of taking the long view of your own career and figuring out what you need to do to get there after you’ve already gained a level of success is really a new perspective for many women,” said Peggy Mason, one of the program’s organizers and a professor of neurobiology at University of Chicago.   Women can decide to continue what they have already been doing, but other choices might include becoming a department head or dean, taking a leadership role in a professional society, directing a center, or starting a company.

Updated ruling on contraceptive coverage

Bulletin:  The US Dept. of Health and Human Services modified the final ruling that required new health insurance plans to cover contraceptive services without a copay or deductible by August 2012  based on comments received from the public.   To quickly recap:  many non-profit religious employers objected to this new policy because their religious beliefs did not support contraception. Meanwhile, many women’s groups felt that this would deny many women who needed or wanted contraception (but could not afford it)  this financial benefit.   The current administration originally allowed an exception for religious employers but it appears that the exception will be limited.   The temporary compromise, giving non-profit employers who, based on religious beliefs, did not want to include contraception access within their plans, an additional year to adapt to the new ruling (to 2013).   Watch for both sides of the political spectrum to express their outrage or support of this compromise during this election year.  Hopefully, women’s health advocates will continue to monitor this issue and continue to support access to products that reduce the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions in our country.

The full  statement by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius issued January 20, 2012 is found below:
In August 2011, the Department of Health and Human Services issued an interim final rule that will require most health insurance plans to cover preventive services for women including recommended contraceptive services without charging a co-pay, co-insurance or a deductible.  The rule allows certain non-profit religious employers that offer insurance to their employees the choice of whether or not to cover contraceptive services. Today the department is announcing that the final rule on preventive health services will ensure that women with health insurance coverage will have access to the full range of the Institute of Medicine’s recommended preventive services, including all FDA -approved forms of contraception.  Women will not have to forego these services because of expensive co-pays or deductibles, or because an insurance plan doesn’t include contraceptive services. This rule is consistent with the laws in a majority of states which already require contraception coverage in health plans, and includes the exemption in the interim final rule allowing certain religious organizations not to provide contraception coverage. Beginning August 1, 2012, most new and renewed health plans will be required to cover these services without cost sharing for women across the country.

After evaluating comments, we have decided to add an additional element to the final rule. Nonprofit employers who, based on religious beliefs, do not currently provide contraceptive coverage in their insurance plan, will be provided an additional year, until August 1, 2013, to comply with the new law. Employers wishing to take advantage of the additional year must certify that they qualify for the delayed implementation. This additional year will allow these organizations more time and flexibility to adapt to this new rule.  We intend to require employers that do not offer coverage of contraceptive services to provide notice to employees, which will also state that contraceptive services are available at sites such as community health centers, public clinics, and hospitals with income-based support.  We will continue to work closely with religious groups during this transitional period to discuss their concerns.

Scientists have abundant evidence that birth control has significant health benefits for women and their families, it is documented to significantly reduce health costs, and is the most commonly taken drug in America by young and middle-aged women. This rule will provide women with greater access to contraception by requiring coverage and by prohibiting cost sharing.

This decision was made after very careful consideration, including the important concerns some have raised about religious liberty. I believe this proposal strikes the appropriate balance between respecting religious freedom and increasing access to important preventive services. The administration remains fully committed to its partnerships with faith-based organizations, which promote healthy communities and serve the common good.  And this final rule will have no impact on the protections that existing conscience laws and regulations give to health care providers.

More Support of Women in STEM Fields Needed

National Science Foundation (NSF) —which is the leading source of Federal grants for many fields of basic research crucial to US technology development and job creation—is also calling upon universities and research institutes to adopt similar policies for their employees and grantees.

Women today currently earn 41% of PhD’s in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) fields, but make up only 28% of tenure-track faculty in those fields.  Reducing the dropout rate of women in STEM careers is especially important in the quest for gender equality because women in STEM jobs earn 33 percent more than those in non-STEM occupations and the wage gap between men and women in STEM jobs is smaller than in other fields.

NSF has launched targeted workplace flexibility efforts in the past, but the new initiative is the first to be applied Foundation-wide to help postdoctoral fellows and early-career faculty members more easily care for dependents while continuing their careers. The new initiative will offer a coherent and consistent set of family-friendly policies and practices to help eliminate some of the barriers to women’s advancement and retention in STEM careers. It will:

  • Allow postponement of grants for child birth/adoption – Grant recipients can defer their awards for up to one year to care for their newborn or newly adopted children.
  • Allow grant suspension for parental leave – Grant recipients who wish to suspend their grants to take parental leave can extend those grants by a comparable duration at no cost.
  • Provide supplements to cover research technicians – Principal investigators can apply for stipends to pay research technicians or equivalent staff to maintain labs while PIs are on family leave.
  • Publicize the availability of family friendly opportunities – NSF will issue announcements and revise current program solicitations to expressly promote these opportunities to eligible awardees.
  • Promote family friendliness for panel reviewers – STEM researchers who review the grant proposals of their peers will have greater opportunities to conduct virtual reviews rather than travel to a central location, increasing flexibility and reducing dependent-care needs.
  • Support research and evaluation – NSF will continue to encourage the submission of proposals for research that would asses the effectiveness of policies aimed at keeping women in the STEM pipeline.
  • Leverage and Expand Partnerships — NSF will leverage existing relationships with academic institutions to encourage the extension of the tenure clock and allow for dual hiring opportunities.

The Administration has been highly focused on the goal of increasing the participation of women and girls in STEM fields. To achieve this, states applying for these funds receive competitive preference if they demonstrate efforts to address barriers to full participation of women and girls in these fields.  Now let’s hope universities adopt similar family friendly policies and practices within their own institutions!

Pregnancy and hypothyroidism

Based on a new study of nearly 118,000 women, researchers estimated that nearly 500,000 pregnant women with gestational hypothyroidism may go undetected each year.

Asian women were almost five times more likely to test positive for gestational hypothyroidism than African-American women (19.3% compared with 6.7%) and slightly more likely than Caucasian and Hispanic women (16.4% and 15.2%, respectively).

Gestational hypothyroidism has been linked to medical complications for both mothers and babies. However, the appropriate diagnostic approach and management of the condition remains controversial. The researchers wanted to analyze the current status of testing for thyroid disease during pregnancy.

Of the pregnant women in the study, Asian women had the highest testing rate of 28% and African-American woman had the lowest rate at just 19%. Testing rates increased with maternal age.

The analysis found that women 35 to 40 years of age were 2.2 times more likely to be tested when compared than women between 18 and 24.  Weight was also a factor as those over 275 pounds  were 1.3 times more likely to be tested than those weighing between 100 and 124 pounds .

Younger women were slightly underrepresented in the study population and older women were slightly overrepresented. Given the higher rates of gestational hypothyroidism among older women, the authors suggested that the overall rate is slightly lower than what they report.

“Because national and international endocrine and obstetrical organizations may consider the implications of universal prenatal and antenatal screening, this study demonstrates that the proportion of women tested for gestational hypothyroidism is low,” wrote the authors. “(I)f outcomes are shown to improve with intervention, then this may have a significant impact on the health of a large number of women and their children.”

All three authors are employed by Quest Diagnostics.
Source reference:
Blatt AJ, et al “National status of testing for hypothyroidism during pregnancy and postpartum” J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2038.

 

 

Why it is harder for women to lose weight?

Women typically find it harder to lose weight and inches than men.  This, in part, is due to the fact that  men have more lean muscle mass and a higher resting metabolic rate. Another issue that makes weigh loss challenging for females:   women store fat differently from men–more of it goes to their thighs, buttocks, and hips, where it can be harder to shed.  Finally, female hormones promote the storage of calories as fat, and fat takes up more space than muscle.

As the obesity rate keeps rising, especially among teenage girls, we need to press for more sex based research on exercise, diet, hormones and metabolism!

 

Affirmative Action Law Benefits Women in India

 Hillary Clinton changed the way Americans think about women in politics, and new Northwestern University research suggests that an affirmative action law in India is doing the same for Indian women. The research, published Jan. 12 in the journal Science, focused on the long-term outcomes of a law that reserved leadership positions for women in randomly selected village councils in India.

The law has led to a direct role model effect and is changing the way the girls as well as their parents think about female roles of leadership and has improved their attitudes toward higher career aspirations and education goals for women, said Lori Beaman, an assistant professor of economics at the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern.  Results of the study show that affirmative action laws can help create positive role models by opening opportunities that were previously unavailable to a group.

“India is definitely a place where women are constrained in their opportunities,” said Beaman,  one of the authors of the study. “This law gave Indian women, at the village level, a chance to demonstrate that they are capable leaders.”   Beaman’s research team collected data in West Bengal between 2006 and 2007 on 8,453 male and female teenagers and their parents in 495 villages. The law was implemented in that region starting in 1998 and from that time a village council spot could have been reserved for a female leader once, twice or never.

Here’s a glimpse at how the gender gap narrowed in villages with two terms of female leadership versus the villages that never had a female leader:

  • Gender gap in aspirations for their children’s career and education closed by 25 percent in parents
  • Gender gap in career and education aspirations closed by 32 percent in adolescents

“The decline in the gender gap is entirely driven by an increase in girls’ aspirations, not by a decrease in boys,” Beaman said.   In a change of behavior, adolescent Indian girls were more likely to be attending school and spent less time on household chores in the villages that reserved political positions for women.

“There weren’t any concurrent changes in education infrastructure or career options for young women during this time,” Beaman said. “The changes in behavior among adolescents can be contributed to the role model effect of the women leaders.”

The results of this study support the idea that quotas and affirmative action in response to the underrepresentation of women in politics and perhaps in other areas, such as science and the corporate boardroom, is a positive action that creates influential role models and pays off in the long run, Beaman said.Other authors of the study are: Esther Duflo, department of economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Rohini Pande, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University; and Petia Topalova, the International Monetary Fund.

Excerpted from an article by Erin White, Northwestern broadcast editor

Top Women’s Health Stories for 2011

The Institute for Women’s Health Research at Northwestern University publishes a monthly e-newsletter on timely issues in women’s health. Our January 2012 edition focuses on scientific breakthroughs and public policies that we think could influence future research and the clinical care women women receive.   We call these ‘game changers’.

There have been many exciting breakthroughs in sex and gender medicine but there is still much work that needs to be done.   We also need to remain vigilant as women’s health issues are debated during the upcoming elections.      To view this e-newsletter click HERE.        After you have read it, let us know what YOU  think the major stories of 2011 in women’s health!

statins and diabetes

Older women who take statins may be at an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, researchers found.   In an analysis of data from the Women’s Health Initiative, postmenopausal women who were on a statin at study entry had almost a 50% greater risk of diabetes than those who weren’t on the cholesterol-lowering drugs, Yunsheng Ma, MD, PhD, of the University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, and colleagues reported online in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

Recent research has suggested a potential link between statins and the development of diabetes — most notably a meta-analysis that found a 9% increased risk of the disease with statin use (QJM 2011; 104(2): 109-124), Ma said.  Yet how the risk of diabetes with statin use varies across populations hasn’t been thoroughly explored, he added. So he and colleagues looked at data from the Women’s Health Initiative to assess the risk in postmenopausal women.

Data were available for 153,840 women, mean age 63, who didn’t have diabetes when they were enrolled in the study in 1993. About 7% of them were on statins at that time.  Through follow-up ending in 2005, there were 10,242 cases of new-onset diabetes.

In initial analyses, Ma and colleagues found that statin use at baseline was associated with an increased risk of diabetes, and that association remained significant in analyses controlling for age, race, and weight. The risk was seen with all types of statins.   Risks were increased for all ethnicities, although they did vary slightly, with the highest risks seen among Asians.

The researchers also found that obesity appeared to be protective against disease; statin use was associated with a higher risk of diabetes in women with a body mass index (BMI) under 25 than in those who had a BMI of 30 or higher.   They said differences in phenotype, such as weight distribution, may explain the association.

These findings suggest  that different populations have different risks for diabetes associated with statin use, and that women on statins should be monitored for diabetes and liver dysfunction. .  It also may suggest that  we may be overusing statins and should encourage more lifestyle interventions as a primary means of treating high cholesterol.

Culver added that the findings emphasize current guidelines that recommend lifestyle intervention as the primary means of treating high cholesterol.

“Too many people are put on a statin who don’t have to be,” Ma said. “Patients should go on a statin if they can’t control [their cholesterol] through dietary intervention, but once they’re on that statin they should still continue lifestyle intervention.”

Suzanne Steinbaum, MD, director of women and heart disease at Lenox Hill Hospital in Bronx, N.Y., said in an email that it’s not yet clear from this one study what the clinical implications are for postmenopausal women on statins.   “Due to the extensive use of statins in the aging female population, it is critical that more studies are done to help understand the association with statins and the development of diabetes,” she wrote. “Women who are taking statins should be aware of the need to check their blood sugars, along with their liver function tests.”

The researchers said the study was limited by its observational nature, and because individual statin analysis may be confounded by the fact that women may have changed statin type before developing diabetes

Primary source: Archives of Internal Medicine
Source reference:
Culver AL, et al “Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative” Arch In

 

Webinar Explains How to Report Bad Reactions to Cosmetics

Reaction to henna

From morning until night—styling our hair for work to showering before bed—Americans depend upon personal care products. Most are safe, but some may cause problems, and that’s when FDA gets involved.
FDA collects information about consumers’ bad reactions to products it regulates. If you have a reaction to a beauty, personal hygiene, or makeup product, FDA wants to hear from you.
In this 30-minute webinar, learn:

  • how FDA regulates cosmetics and monitors their safety
  • steps consumers can take to minimize their chances of having a bad reaction to a cosmetic
  • how to report a bad reaction to a cosmetic
  • how this information helps FDA in its public health mission.

An opportunity to ask questions will follow the presentation.

When: Wednesday, Jan. 18, 2:00 p.m. ET    (3o minutes)

Where: To join the webinar, see the instructions here. Webinar slides are posted here also.

Host: FDA’s Office of Cosmetics and Colors
Featured speakers: Interdisciplinary Scientist Wendy Good, Ph.D., and Policy Fellow Jon Hicks, M.P.P, both from FDA’s Office of Cosmetics and Colors
This webinar is part of a series of online sessions hosted by different FDA centers and offices. The series is part of FDA Basics, a Web-based resource aimed at helping the public better understand what the agency does.